PGDBA2017 Related Question Answers
1.
In each of the questions a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriateMatch
2.
In each of the questions a word has been used in sentences in four different ways. Choose the option corresponding to the sentence in which the usage of the word is incorrect or inappropriateAccede
3. Arrange the sentences in the most logical order to form a coherent paragraph. From the given options (a, b, c, d) choose the most appropriate option. (i) It would secure a 25% increase in overall revenue; and devoted but cash-strapped supporters would have more opportunities to watch their team. (ii) The Football Supporters Federation maintains that, under government regulations about spectator density, safe-standing sections would allow 1.8 people to occupy the same space as one seated match-goer. (iii) The willingness of the Premier League to consider reintroducing terraces has less to do with reminiscing, however, than with pragmatism. (iv) If the Football Supporters Federation's is correct, then both clubs and fans would stand to gain since the teams could offer a reduction on the price of standing tickets.
4. Arrange the sentences in the most logical order to form a coherent paragraph. From the given options (a, b, c, d) choose the most appropriate option. (i) In an integrated market one country might specialise in a high-wage industry with increasing returns to scale and others in areas in which wages are lower. (ii) New models of trade do not imply that close economic integration should cause incomes to converge. (iii) As freer trade expands the size of the market, producers with initial size. advantages outcompete rivals. (iv) Firms and places arc often subject to economies of scale: they become more productive as they grow larger.
5. Arrange the sentences in the most logical order to form a coherent paragraph. From the given options (a, b, c, d) choose the most appropriate option. (i) Taken together, these elements enable developers to discover and build on what works, to jettison what does not work, and, when necessary; to "fail fast"—before they have expended significant resources or large amounts of time on a project. (ii) Over the past few decades, the business world has seen the emergence of several process and product improvement platforms. (iii) Both of those platforms emphasize experimentation and rapid iteration, strong feedback loops that facilitate early and continuous engagement with end users, and the use of minimally designed prototypes to test products or processes. (iv) Examples include human-centred design, a product innovation method developed by the design firm IDEO, and lean experimentation, an entrepreneurship method that originated in Silicon Valley.
6. Read the passage and answer the questions that follow: Passage I There arc two main kinds of development agency: the one which trace to introduce specific changes and is mainly interested in material development: and the other which is primarily interested in people. On the whole the first wants to "get things done"; the other to develop the people's own abilities for leadership, wise judgement and co-oprative action. For agencies of the second kind, the material result is less important than the way it is achieved. Agencies and workers, who themselves decide the specific form development should take, assume, of course, that they know better than the people what the people need. Most social development workers and technical officers have worked on this assumption in the past, and although they were often right they were not always right, for they sometimes made the mistake of assuming that what was good within their own culture was certain to be good in other cultures too. Missionaries, for instance, insisted on their converts wearing clothes because they were used to them themselves, and they established schools with syllabuses that suited the missionaries' own countries, rather than the countries where the schools were built. Agencies and their workers tend to be more careful nowadays, but experts and specialists trained in Western ways still often make mistakes in cultures other than their own. Agencies everywhere are now realizing that they are risking failure if they assume that their own ideas are right in environments and cultures other than their own. The East African Groundnut Scheme failed because it did not take the local conditions of soil and climate sufficiently into account. The West African Anchau Rural Development Scheme illustrates, less spectacularly, the result of failing to consider the human factor when working in a different culture. This Scheme was started in 1937 to eradicate sleeping sickness from a part of the Zaria province of the Northern Region of Nigeria. The people in charge made a detailed survey of the area, made detailed studies of the farming conditions in sample hamlets and made a careful census of the people. Indeed, they scientifically examined in minute detail every aspect of the situation that seemed to them important. But it failed because people were thought of as being there "to be done good to" in the mass, but they were not envisaged as persons, each with one's own small world of hopes and fears, who might in some way be consulted.In the passage "development agency" refers to
10.
Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
Passage II
Humans are pretty inventive creatures. That might be cause for optimism about the future of global change. We've found solutions to lots of problems in the past. And with a much larger and better-educated population than the world has ever seen — the supply of good ideas can only increase. So innovation will figure out a way to sustainable futures. But what is innovation? The media and companies routinely equate innovation with shiny new gadgets. In the same spirit, politicians charged with managing economies frequently talk as if all innovation is good. The history of almost any technology, however — from farming to applied nuclear physics — reveals a mixture of good and bad. The study of the concept of innovation, and of whether it can be steered, is a relatively recent academic effort. There are three ways that scholars have thought about innovation. The first was basically linear: science begets invention that begets innovation. Physics, for instance, gives us lasers, which give us —eventually — compact discs. Result: Growth! Prosperity! Rising living standards for all! From this perspective, it's assumed that science is the basis for long-term growth, and that innovation largely involves commercialisation of scientific discoveries. There is a role for the state, but only in funding the research. The rest can be left to the private sector. By the 1970s, economists interested in technology and some policy-makers were talking about something more complicated: national systems of innovation competing with each other. Such "systems" included measures to promote transfer of technology out of the lab, especially by building links between centres of discovery and technologists and entrepreneurs.
The key failing of these two approaches is that they treat less desirable outcomes of innovation as externalities and are blind to the possibility that they may call for radically different technological priorities. The environmental effects of energy and materials-intensive industries may turn, out to be more destructive than we can handle. Radical system change is a third way to think about innovation. Technological trajectories aren't pre-ordained: Some paths arc chosen at the expense of others. And that's harder because it needs more than incremental change. The near future is about transformation. The more complex historical and social understanding of innovation now emerging leads to a richer concept of infrastructure, as part of a system with social and technical elements interwoven.An emphasis on the new, the experimental, the innovative - and on promoting social and technical solutions to global problems must overcome the sheer inertia of the systems we have already built - and are often still extending. Aiming for transformation leads to another take on creative destruction. It isn't enough to promote innovation as creation, the existing system has to be destabilized as well. System shifts of the radical kind envisaged will call for creation of a new infrastructure. But that won't do the job unless the old systems are deliberately removed on roughly the same time-scale. Achieving that will call for a lot more thought about how to if not destroy the old systems, at least set about dismantling them.
From the passage we can conclude that the author believes
11. According to the author, the first two approaches related to the study of innovation are inadequate because
12. The key difference between the first and second approaches related to the study of innovation is
14. By the expression, "The media and companies routinely equate, innovation with Shiny new gadgets" , the author is
16.
Answer the questions based on the following information.Examinations were held during the two weeks of January — Sunday the 3rd to Saturday the 16th. There was one examination each for the six subjects namely, Sociology, Psychology, Economics, Political Science, Anthropology and Biology. There was no more than one examination on any day. No examinations were held on Saturdays, Sundays and on January 5th, which was a national holiday. Exactly three examinations were held in each week. The Psychology examination was held before the Economics examination, and the Political Science examination was held the day after the Biology examination. The Economics and the Political Science examinations were held on the same day of the week. Similarly, the Sociology and the Psychology examinations were held on the same day of the week. There were no examinations for three days between the Sociology examination and the examination prior to it. The Biology and the Anthropology examinations were held on a Tuesday and a Thursday respectively.On which of the following set of dates were there no examinations?
19. The number of days (including weekends and holidays, if any) between the Psychology and the Anthropology examination is
21.
Answer the questions based on the following information.
The following table gives the urban population of a country and the percentages of total population in rural and urban areas as recorded in the 10-years censuses during 1901-81.
Table 1. Urban and rural population 1901-1981
The percentage increase in total population of the country between 1901 and 1981 is
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